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CUANDO GANAR ES UN PROBLEMA
Por... Rodrigo A. Cauas E.

Lic. en Psicología y Master en Psicología del Deporte y la Actividad Física (UNED, España)
Candidato a Doctor en Ciencias Implicadas en el Progreso Deportivo del Ser Humano (UCO, España)
Replica Rolex Psicología Deportiva Chile

En el deporte es casi una costumbre acuñar con terminología impropia un fenómeno que se observa cotidianamente durante las competencias: la incapacidad de finalizar exitosamente un partido. Este suceso que, en muchas ocasiones es atribuible a un factor psicológico, se denomina: baja tolerancia al éxito o nikefobia (Dicho concepto se deriva porque Nike es la diosa griega del éxito).

Hasta hace un tiempo era muy común hablar sobre un fenómeno totalmente inverso: la tolerancia a la frustración, más que nada en aquellos casos de deportistas con grandes problemas para asimilar, superar o recuperarse adecuadamente de una derrota.

Pero hoy, dado el creciente nivel de exitismo y competitividad en el deporte, ha irrumpido fuertemente esta incapacidad – inconsciente en la mayoría de las veces – de mantenerse como triunfante hasta el final o de percibirse ganador en los momentos más claves de una competencia.

Cómo lo dicen las palabras, la baja tolerancia al éxito significa que existe una incapacidad de aguantar los resultados positivos.

¿Cómo surge este fenómeno?

Sin lugar a dudas para que este hecho surja debe cumplirse, en primer lugar, una importante condición: que el objetivo que el deportista se haya trazado en una competencia deportiva, se esté cumpliendo. Y que dicho objetivo se encuentre en su fase final o decisiva. Pero además deben presentarse otras condiciones tales como: una baja autoconfianza, escasa motivación intrínseca (aquella motivación generada desde el propio deportista), excesiva presión externa,tassen replica ansiedad y pensamientos irracionales (pensamientos negativos previos o durante una competencia).

Como ya se ha planteado la NIKEFOBIA irrumpe en la medida en que el deportista percibe como difícil el mantener estable sus secuencias de éxitos y es ahí cuando comienzan una serie de pensamientos negativos, tales como: “lo que he logrado hasta aquí es debido a la suerte...”, “apenas enfrente a un rival mejor que yo, perderé...”.

Lo que sucede, en este caso, es que el deportista evalúa en forma deficiente su real capacidad técnica, táctica, física o psicológica, asignándole un gran porcentaje de sus triunfos al factor azaroso o dejándole un gran espacio al conformismo (“lo realizado hasta ahora ya es suficiente...”).

En este sentido uno de los elementos que más contribuye a generar la NIKEFOBIA son las cábalas, ya que, los deportistas suelen percibir que ese elemento externo les ha ayudado a ganar y no las propias capacidades que poseen.

Aquí lo que el deportista debe hacer – con ayuda de su entrenador o de un especialista – es aprender a evaluar su actuación de forma realista tomando en cuenta todos los aspectos positivos y negativos, los aspectos azarosos y aquellos que se deben al trabajo y esfuerzo de él, así conocerá con exactitud qué aspectos debe mejorar para perpetuar sus triunfos y qué aspectos debe mejorar para superarse aún más
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Comentarios

Gino
2008-10-21 18:19:23

Muy buenas las notas sobre psicologia del deporte , sigan asi.Felicitaciones.

M.Isabel Uriarte Merino
2008-10-25 19:18:54

Rodrigo, veo con satisfacción cuanto has avanzado en tu formación profesional ( lo observo en tus comentarios y especificaciones), felicitaciones, me parecen muy buenos tus aportes a la ps.del tenis. Marisa

Cucho
2014-01-22 13:18:57

Muy bueno el artículo

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